El Foro Global de Bioética en Investigación (GFBR por sus siglas en inglés) se reunió el 3 y 4 de noviembre en Buenos Aires, Argentina, con el objetivo de discutir la ética de la investigación con mujeres embarazadas. El GFBR es una plataforma mundial que congrega a actores clave con el objetivo de promover la investigación realizada de manera ética, fortalecer la ética de la investigación en salud, particularmente en países de ingresos bajos y medios, y promover colaboración entre países (...) del norte y del sur.a Los participantes en el GFBR provenientes de Latinoamérica incluyeron a eticistas, investigadores, miembros de comités de ética y representantes de autoridades sanitarias provenientes de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panamá, Perú, Nicaragua y la República Dominicana. Una legítima preocupación por la protección de las mujeres embarazadas y sus embriones o fetos ha llevado a la mayoría de los países de la Región de las Américas a limitar la realización de estudios con mujeres embarazadas exclusivamente a aquellos estudios específicos sobre el embarazo, y a requerir la exclusión sistemática de las mujeres embarazadas o de las mujeres que quedan embarazadas en el curso del estudio. Ciertamente, a lo largo de la historia de la ética de la investigación, se ha creído erróneamente que proteger a una población es sinónimo de excluirla de los estudios. Se sabe ahora que proceder así implica exponer a riesgos mucho mayores a la población que se busca proteger. El embarazo implica cambios fisiológicos sustantivos e impacta profundamente la manera como el cuerpo metaboliza los medicamentos. Sin embargo, por evitar hacer investigación con mujeres embarazadas, no se ha producido la evidencia científica necesaria para tomar decisiones sobre tratamientos e intervenciones preventivas con dosis eficaces y seguras para ellas y sus embriones o fetos. A manera de ilustración, en el 2001 había en los Estados Unidos apenas más de una docena de medicamentos aprobados para uso en el embarazo (1) y en el 2011 la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aprobó por primera vez en 15 años un medicamento para su uso en el embarazo (2). Como consecuencia de no haber producido la evidencia necesaria, se pone en riesgo la salud de las mujeres embarazadas cada vez que se les da atención médica. Las mujeres embarazadas se enferman y las mujeres enfermas se embarazan, y no se sabe si los medicamentos que se les da son eficaces o siquiera seguros para ellas y sus embriones o fetos. (shrink)

Para Kant, humanidade signi!ca o universal sentimento de participação e a faculdade de comunicação íntima e universal, sendo o que distingue o homem do animal. Dessa formulação, surge o conceito de sociabilidade legal, pelo qual um povo constitui uma coletividade duradoura, capaz de conciliar liberdade, igualdade e coação. Rohden sustentou que esse conceito, apesar de se relacionar com o contexto estético, não se restringiria a este, implicando uma compreensão ampliada do conceito de humanidade. A partir de tal hipótese, poder-se-ia entender (...) também a sociabilidade legal como um pré-requisito para uma constituição política, no sentido de uma capacidade e disposição para se deixar guiar por princípios do direito. Nesse sentido, o direito constituir-se-ia na forma da sociabilidade legal e na possibilidade de expressá-la concretamente. O objetivo deste texto é examinar em que sentido essa interpretação do conceito de sociabilidade legal sugerida por Rohden pode ou não corresponder ao texto kantiano. (shrink)

ContextPeople with mental disorders can acquire long-term disabilities, which could impair their functioning and quality of life (QoL), requiring permanent care and social support. Systematic data on QoL and functioning, which could support a better management of these people, were not available.ObjectiveTo analyze the QoL, level of functioning and their association with sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with mental disorders who underwent deinstitutionalization using assisted living facilities.MethodsA Cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and July 2019, through interviews using (...) the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) to determine the QoL scores, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) to determine the level of functioning. All adults (≥18 years old) with mental disorders, who underwent deinstitutionalization, users of assisted living facilities and assisted by the Psychosocial Assistance Centers III, in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were selected. For statistical analysis of the associated factors, Student’st-test was used for dichotomous variables and ANOVA for polynomial variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between QoL and functioning scores.ResultsOut of 359 people who underwent deinstitutionalization with mental disorders, 147 met the eligibility criteria. The mean total score for the WHOQOL-BREF was 66.5 ± 13.4 and the mean score for WHODAS 2.0 was 10.4 ± 7.6. An association was found between people who were studying (n= 65.8; 95%CI, 63.5–68.1vs. n= 73.9; 95%CI, 67.5–80.3;p= 0.04) and better WHOQOL-BREF QoL scores or WHODAS 2.0 levels of functioning (n= 10.9; 95%CI, 9.6–12.2vs. n= 5.1; 95%CI, 2.5–7.7;p= 0.01). A weak negative correlation (r= 0.41) emerged between higher QoL scores and functioning improvement.ConclusionThis study indicates that the QoL of the sample is associated by their functioning levels, which, in turn, may reflect on their social interactions. Public policies that favor interventions increasing socialization of this population can result in better health outcomes. The QoL and functioning scores provide valuable insights to develop public policies more suited to this population profile. (shrink)

A violência sexual contra meninas constitui-se em um problema de dimensões alarmantes para a sociedade. Assim, este estudo objetivou compreender as concepções e crenças sobre o abuso sexual, as relações e reações familiares de adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Participaram 30 adole..

Este trabalho coloca em foco o Tribunal do Júri sob um prisma analítico, seu surgimento e atual utilização, apresentando as ideias propostas por Foucault ao longo de sua obra a respeito das instituições jurídicas historicamente estabelecidas pelos governos para relacionar em especial aquela instituição com os conceitos da biopolítica apresentados pelo autor e colocar em pauta a inadequação de seu modelo ao momento histórico atual das sociedades ocidentais.

Cet ouvrage est un bel hommage à une chercheure incarnant le dialogue entre terrains, actions et analyses. Ancienne présidente de l’Association belge de Science politique-Communauté française et directrice du Centre d’études latino-américaines de l’Institut de Sociologie, Bérengère Marques-Pereira, professeure à l’Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), est depuis 2012 présidente de l’Association d’éducation populaire, l’Assemblée des femmes. Les quinze chapitres qui composent cet ouvrage s’insc...

Le mouvement de réappropriation des espaces physiques et virtuels de parole pour dénoncer les injustices et ceux qui les commettent a pris des formes multiples : de l’occupation de places publiques à la libération de la parole contre les violences systémiques, sexistes et racistes en particulier, via des mouvements comme #MeToo et #OnVeutRespirer. Les féminismes contemporains s’inscrivent ainsi dans un contexte de mobilisation caractérisé par la défiance vis-à-vis d’une démocratie représentative perçue comme confisquée par les élites et par un horizon (...) de « convergence des luttes » ne recomposant pas l’hégémonie d’un critère ou d’une idéologie. Comment, au sein de la société française contemporaine, l’entrecroisement des urgences écologique, sociale et sanitaire questionne-t-il le rapport à l’engagement, en particulier féministe? Cette interrogation est appréhendée à partir d’une enquête qualitative, menée de juillet 2019 à août 2020, auprès de plus de 120 responsables associatifs féministes, anti-racistes, écologistes, antispécistes, pour la justice sociale et/ou de lutte contre la pauvreté, mais aussi d’activistes avec des affiliations plurielles et fluides. Après avoir abordé la manière dont la question du « faire commun » se pose à l’ère de la Covid-19 et des controverses autour de la « cancel culture », nous examinerons comment les féminismes contemporains sont mis à l’épreuve par l’horizon d’une émancipation partagée dans une interdépendance apaisée. (shrink)

Este trabalho se refere a um relato de experiência sobre a concepção do docente da educação básica a respeito da existência do bullying no ambiente escolar, especialmente, no que concerne ao aluno em situação de inclusão. Para isso, foram realizadas seis questões a um(a) professor(a) de Língua Portuguesa de uma escola pública municipal de Campo Grande-MS, sendo uma, exclusivamente, sobre a ocorrência de bullying contra aluno em situação de inclusão.

O presente texto observa a teoria crítica da sociedade desenvolvida por Habermas a partir da análise das duas teses apresentadas na Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, sobre a modernidade seletiva e sobre o desacoplamento das esferas socais tematizáveis, pretendendo compreender como o avanço dos imperativos funcionais do sistema (a burocracia administrativa estatal e a economia capitalista) têm extrapolado suas áreas de atuação e aumentado ainda mais sua dinâmica sistêmica sobre o ambito da reprodução simbólica nas sociedades capitalistas do século XXI. A (...) discussão que se segue analisará esta ampliação considerando que as interferências e alterações sobre os padrões de integração social são questões que se encontram em um desenvolvimento constante desde as mudanças pelas quais passaram a alterar os critérios de legitimação da modernidade capitalista. Ainda que de um modo não inteiramente distinto daquele tematizado por Habermas no contexto social do início dos anos 1980, pretende-se observar que que no atual estágio do capitalismo internacional esta interferência, assim como as alterações daí promovidas, tem provocado uma maior fragmentação social e gerado bloqueios que perturbam ainda mais a integração social (que ameaçam inviabilizar qualquer efetivação da emancipação social quanto mais são deturpados os critérios de legitimação e reconhecimento social). Circunscrito a este horizonte, pretende-se sustentar que tais fatores possam ser melhor compreendidos mediante uma investigação sobre as patologias sociais, especifiamente quando estas são compreendidas como parâmetros que proporcionariam identificar certa resistência a uma integração social orientada por imperativos sistêmicos. (shrink)

In the first part of my analysis, I wish briefly to clarify the different modes of relation found in the living being, and point out the multiplicity of disciplines in which biologists use (explicitly or implicitly) the notion of laws. In the second part, I shall analyse the notion of universal laws in biology and examine successively: (1) accidental generalizations; (2) non-causal biological correlations; (3) the meaning of 'necessity' in these correlations; and (4) causal connections. Finally, in the third part, (...) I shall examine statistical laws and probabilistic laws in biology, in particular: (1) chance in biology; (2) probabilistic theories; and (3) relations between logical probability and statistical probability. (shrink)

The first aim of this article is to show the necessity of approaching differently the question of the origin of the hypothesis as pertaining to a purely deductive science or to an experimental one, such as biology. The paper also analyzes the rôle played by the hypothesis in: 1) the formation of definitions; 2) the establishment of laws; 3) explanations. It shows that in 1) and 2) the hypothetical character is relevant both to the amplifying induction and to the still (...) incomplete state of our biological knowledge. Finally, it distinguishes between the two different processes used in the hypothetico-deduction depending on the possibility - or impossibility - to link the phenomena to be explained to some known principles. (shrink)

This article explores the metaphor of Science as provider of sharp images of our environment, using the epistemological framework of Objective Cognitive Constructivism. These sharp images are conveyed by precise scientific hypotheses that, in turn, are encoded by mathematical equations. Furthermore, this article describes how such knowledge is pro-duced by a cyclic and recursive development, perfection and reinforcement process, leading to the emergence of eigen-solutions characterized by the four essential properties of precision, stability, separability and composability. Finally, this article discusses (...) the role played by ontology and metaphysics in the scientific production process, and in which sense the resulting knowledge can be considered objective. (shrink)

Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. To address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that they can be logically consistent while retaining statistical optimality properties. This article characterizes the credal modalities in agnostic hypothesis tests and uses the hexagon of oppositions to explain the logical relations between these modalities. Geometric solids that are composed of hexagons of oppositions illustrate the conditions for these modalities to be logically (...) consistent. Prisms composed of hexagons of oppositions show how the credal modalities obtained from two agnostic tests vary according to their threshold values. Nested hexagons of oppositions summarize logical relations between the credal modalities in these tests and prove new relations. (shrink)

50 ANOS DO GOLPE MILITAR FASCISTA DE 1º DE ABRIL DE 1964.

The full Bayesian signi/cance test (FBST) for precise hypotheses is presented, with some illustrative applications. In the FBST we compute the evidence against the precise hypothesis. We discuss some of the theoretical properties of the FBST, and provide an invariant formulation for coordinate transformations, provided a reference density has been established. This evidence is the probability of the highest relative surprise set, “tangential” to the sub-manifold (of the parameter space) that defines the null hypothesis.

In this article, we discuss some issues concerning magical thinking—forms of thought and association mechanisms characteristic of early stages of mental development. We also examine good reasons for having an ambivalent attitude concerning the later permanence in life of these archaic forms of association, and the coexistence of such intuitive but informal thinking with logical and rigorous reasoning. At the one hand, magical thinking seems to serve the creative mind, working as a natural vehicle for new ideas and innovative insights, (...) and giving form to heuristic arguments. At the other hand, it is inherently difficult to control, lacking effective mechanisms needed for rigorous manipulation. Our discussion is illustrated with many examples from the Hebrew Bible, and some final examples from modern science. (shrink)

Ibn al-Bann1321) is the author of one of the four extant of the unfinished zq (fl. Tunis and Marrakesh ca. 1193j accessible for the computation of planetary longitudes. The present paper studies some modifications of the structure of the tables the purpose of which is to make calculations easier. The tables of the planetary and lunar equations of the centre are ' appears as a clever adapter, who displays a clear ingenuity allowing him to introduce formal modifications which give his (...) work an appearance of novelty which does not correspond to reality. (shrink)

Je crois qu'il est utile, avant de passer à une étude historique des théories de l'évolution, de préciser quelques notions de sémantique. Aujourd'hui, on extend par « théorie scientifique » dans le domaine des sciences naturelles une explication soit d'une structure, soit d'un mécanisme, d'un lien causal, présentant un caractère plus ou moins hypothétique mais de toute façon basée sur les faits et vérifiée par eux. Or, la première grande théorie de l'évolution biologique, celle de Lamarck, se veut expérimentale mais (...) est en réalité beaucoup plus spéculative qu'expérimentée. Et pourtant cette explication lamarckienne est une des pièces les plus importantes de l'histoire de la théorie de l'évolution et ne saurait être négligée dans notre étude. Je n'ai pas l'intention de faire ici le procès de la valeur d'une théorie scientifique biologique mais je peux simplement souligner qu'il m'apparaît nécessaire d'élargir pour les besoins de la présente analyse la signification actuelle du terme « théorie », de restreindre les exigences de rigueur interne d'une démonstration et de savoir accepter à l'occasion ce qui—en regard de l'usage actuel du terme—ne peut être considéré que comme une intuition ou même une idée assez vague et imprécise. (shrink)

Resumen La educación superior se ha constituido en un objeto de creciente interés en la literatura especializada. A pesar de lo anterior, la mayor parte de la investigación disponible se concentra en estudios de corte descriptivo y evaluativo, sin conectar sus desarrollos con las reflexiones de la teoría sociológica. El presente ensayo identifica las principales posibilidades teóricas y epistemológicas de la teoría de sistemas sociales para el análisis de la educación superior, examinando los rendimientos de la noción de diferenciación de (...) planos de formación sistémica (interacción, organización y sociedad) y la idea de diferenciación de sistemas parciales especializados. Abstract Higher education has become an object of growing interest in the specialized literature. Despite this, most of the available research concentrates on descriptive and evaluative studies, without connecting its developments with the reflections of general sociological theory. This essay identifies the main theoretical and epistemological possibilities of social systems theory for the analysis of higher education, examining the uses of the notion of differentiation of systemic formation planes (interaction, organization, and society) and the idea of differentiation of specialized partial systems. (shrink)

In this article, we discuss some issues concerning magical thinking—forms of thought and association mechanisms characteristic of early stages of mental development. We also examine good reasons for having an ambivalent attitude concerning the later permanence in life of these archaic forms of association, and the coexistence of such intuitive but informal thinking with logical and rigorous reasoning. At the one hand, magical thinking seems to serve the creative mind, working as a natural vehicle for new ideas and innovative insights, (...) and giving form to heuristic arguments. At the other hand, it is inherently difficult to control, lacking effective mechanisms needed for rigorous manipulation. Our discussion is illustrated with many examples from the Hebrew Bible, and some final examples from modern science. (shrink)

A proposição deste trabalho é relatar uma vivência de reflexão filosófica, em específico na perspectiva de um olhar sobre o trabalho com textos, em particular nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na escola campo Centro de Ensino Fundamental 06 de Sobradinho-DF.

Sortition, i.e. random appointment for public duty, has been employed by societies throughout the years as a firewall designated to prevent illegitimate interference between parties in a legal case and agents of the legal system. In judicial systems of modern western countries, random procedures are mainly employed to select the jury, the court and/or the judge in charge of judging a legal case. Therefore, these random procedures play an important role in the course of a case, and should comply with (...) some principles, such as transparency and complete auditability. Nevertheless, these principles are neglected by random procedures in some judicial systems, which are performed in secrecy and are not auditable by the involved parties. The assignment of cases in the Brazilian Supreme Court is an example of such a procedure, for it is performed using procedures unknown to the parties involved in the judicial cases. This article presents a review of how sortition has been historically employed by societies and discusses how Mathematical Statistics may be applied to random procedures of the judicial system, as it has been applied for almost a century on clinical trials, for example. A statistical model for assessing randomness in case assignment is proposed and applied to the Brazilian Supreme Court. As final remarks, guidelines for the development of good randomization procedures are outlined. (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.

O Sl 63(62) é de singular importância para a liturgia cristã. Evocando o desejo de Deus que faz com que o ser humano se levante antes da aurora para buscá-lo (v.2), este Salmo tornou-se a oração matutina por excelência, tanto para a liturgia bizantina, que o recita no órthros, quanto para a liturgia romana que, depois da reforma litúrgica do Vaticano II, o reservou para as Laudes do Domingo da I Semana do Saltério. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar (...) o Sl 63 pelo método da Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica, com o intuito de estabelecer sua estrutura e de se perceber, assim, seus elementos teológicos mais relevantes. Para cumprir tal finalidade, o artigo divide-se em três partes: tradução do texto; crítica da forma e estabelecimento da estrutura segundo o método da Análise Retórica Bíblica Semítica e, por último, o comentário teológico. O artigo leva conduz o leitor à percepção de que o Salmo possui uma estrutura tripartida. As duas primeiras partes se articulam no âmbito diurno (vv.2-6) e noturno (vv.7-9), onde o salmista manifesta seu desejo por Deus, recorda sua experiência passada e manifesta sua confiança no Senhor. A última parte do Salmo é a imprecação, que evoca um misterioso “eles” (v.10a), conectando-se, assim, com o “tu” evocando no início da oração (v.2a). Ao “eles” amorfo do inimigo, corresponde o manifesto “tu” divino, em quem o salmista confia e cujo “amor” reconhece como sendo melhor que a própria existência (4a). (shrink)

This study integrates corpus-assisted text analysis with frame semantics to study a social problem. Taking a cognitive-linguistic approach to critical discourse studies, in this article I examine the linguistic construction of minors in a corpus of 489 articles from the Uruguayan newspaper El País in the context of the so-called ‘Criminal Imputability Referendum’. Throughout, I focus on the construal operation of framing and identify a host of discursive patterns via which minors and adolescents are recurrently placed within the semantic frame (...) CRIME, and within this, they profile the frame elements of perpetrators of violent crimes rather than victims. I argue that, in the context of the referendum, these discursive strategies run the risk of facilitating the consolidation of a strong conceptual link whereby youth become readily associated with criminality, and are subservient to the political views of groups supporting a lower cut-off age for criminal responsibility and more stringent punishments. The observations arrived at in this instance set the foundations for a future experimental study testing whether the discursive patterns unearthed here have an effect on how readers conceptualize minors outside the texts. (shrink)

Conceptual congruency effects are biases induced by an irrelevant conceptual dimension of a task (e.g., location in vertical space) on the processing of another, relevant dimension (e.g., judging words’ emotional evaluation). Such effects are a central empirical pillar for recent views about how the mind/brain represents concepts. In the present paper, we show how attentional cueing (both exogenous and endogenous) to each conceptual dimension succeeds in modifying both the manifestation and the symmetry of the effect. The theoretical implications of this (...) finding are discussed. (shrink)

Da ficção científica para a ficção religiosa: ideias para pensar o cinema de ficção científica como o culto da religião vivida (From Science Fiction to Religious Fiction: ideas to think on Science Fiction cinema as the cult of lived religion). DOI - 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n26p552 Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a chamada religião vivida como uma forma de repensar o papel da teologia e das ciências da religião na contemporaneidade. O estudo da religião vivida será investigado na relação entre o (...) cinema de ficção científica e a religião, propondo que, nesta relação, há uma forma de religião vivida intensa e viva. Sugere-se, assim, que o cinema seja hoje uma forma de culto e ritual, cumprindo parte do papel que os mitos e ritos sagrados desempenham na vida das pessoas, ao longo dos tempos. O artigo contém quatro partes: introdução sobre a religião vivida; religião vivida no caso específico do cinema; o cinema de ficção científica como uma forma de religião; aplicação da teoria no filme “Contato” (Robert Zemeckis, USA 1997); conclusões sobre a vivência religiosa em forma de mito e rito nos filmes de ficção científica e as consequências disso para a teologia e as ciências da religião. Palavras-chave : Cinema de ficção científica. Religião. Culto e rito. Religião vivida.: This article aims at reflecting about the so-called lived religion as a way of rethinking the role of theology and religion in contemporary society. The study of the lived religion will investigate the relationship between the cinema of science fiction and religion, suggesting that, in this relation, there is particular and intensive form of lived religion. The present article suggests that cinema today is a form of cult and ritual which performs part of the role that sacred rites play in the lives of people along the time. The article contains four parts: introduction about the lived religion; lived religion in the specific case of cinema; the cinema of science fiction as a form of religion; the application of theory in the movie “Contact” (Robert Zemeckis, USA 1997); conclusions on the religious experience in the form of myth and rite in science fiction movies as well as the consequences for theology and religious studies. Keywords : Science fiction cinema. Religion. Cult and rite. Lived religion. (shrink)

This article reflects on the anthropological aspect of the pilgrimage, the human journey, as a metaphor for life, as a way of relating and understanding religion, spirituality, life itself and tourism as forms of pilgrimage. The pilgrimages of the Christian tradition will be analyzed, seeking to understand them of the anthropology of Victor Turner, analyzing the pilgrimage as a state of liminality and liminoid. Concretely we will look at the case of the Romarias da Terra in Brazil, as an example (...) of liminality/ liminoid and communitas. In addition, this article reflects on the "new centers" of pilgrimage, outside the religious scope, as spaces of pop culture or the visit to tourist sites and monuments of social and cultural memory. The goal is to understand where people have pilgrims and what the meaning of these pilgrimages. In this displacement out of the religious scope, one wonders if tourism would also be a form of pilgrimage. Or would tourism lack precisely the preliminary aspect, something that could be related to Bauman's analysis of the tourist and the vagabond? It is suspected that in a globalized world, places lose their content and identity. People pass through places, but places no longer pass through them. With this, walking also loses its liminal function. (shrink)

A INTERFERÊNCIA DO PODER EXECUTIVO NOS ORÇAMENTOS DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO E DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO: SEPARAÇÃO DOS PODERES E IMPACTOS NO EXERCÍCIO DE SUAS FUNÇÕES INSTITUCIONAIS.

The concept of self-organizing potential proposed by Atlan, conceived within the framework of information theory', attempts to explain the emergence of the structures and functions of the organism, as well as the concept of morphogenetic potential, conceived in the embryological laboratories. Are the two theses diverging or converging and/or complementary to each other?The paper indicates, first, the context of Atlan's thesis and the meaning of his concepts of self-organization and self-organizing potential in evolutionary systems as well as in individual systems. (...) It then develops an in-depth analysis of these individual systems and attempts to discern, in Atlan's thesis, the respective roles of the genetic factors and of the epigenetic factors in the formation of the individual, particularly during morphogenesis. This analysis reveals some difficulties inherent in the theory and induces the author to propose a few additional distinctions.Finally, the paper underlines the analogies and divergences between the concepts of self-organizing potential and morphogenetic potential.La notion de potentiel auto-organisateur proposée par H. Atlan et née dans le cadre de la théorie de l'information, veut, tout autant que la notion de potentiel morphogénétique, née dans les laboratories des embryologistes, expliquer l'émergence des structures et des functions de l'organisme. Les deux thèses sont-elles divergentes ou convergentes et/ou complémentaires?L'article précise d'abord le contexte de la thèse d'Atlan et la signification de ses notions d'auto-organisation et de potentiel auto-organisateur relatives aussi bien aux systèmes évolutifs qu'aux systèmes individuels. Il s'attarde par la suite à l'analyse de ces systèmes individuels et veut cerner quels sont, d'après la thèse d'Atlan, les rôles respectivs du génétique et de l'épigénétique dans la formation de l'individu, tout particulièrement pendant la morphogenèse. Cette analyse révèle certaines difficultés de la théorie et conduit l'auteur à suggérer quelques distinctions additionnelles.L'article souligne ensuite les analogies et les divergences entre les notions de potential auto-organisateur et de potential morphogénétique. (shrink)